I am the mother of four children, each one unique. The same can be said of their births. Because of the variety of births I have experienced, I’ve learned that for me, nitrous oxide is by far the best form of pain relief during childbirth .

My first delivery was long and painful. I labored at home for 5 hours before my water broke. I stayed at home for another 5 hours hoping for labor to smoothly progress, but upon arrival at the hospital, I was only dilated barely 1 cm. The long night in the hospital was exhausting and not beneficial to the progression of labor. Around 6 the next morning, I was drained and unable to manage pain. After discussing options with my midwife, I decided to get an epidural so my body could relax and allow me to sleep in preparation for later stages of labor and ultimately delivery. The epidural helped with the pain but I felt I didn’t have control of pushing, breathing, feeling and navigating giving birth. After 3 hours of pushing, my beautiful face-up baby girl was born. Recovery was difficult and painful. I felt sore, because I had not been able to successfully gauge how hard or soft I was pushing, and, at times, I was overdoing it. I also found out that I don’t like bladder catheters.

Ten months later, I found out I was pregnant with baby No. 2. I was anxious and focused on having an unmedicated birth. I was envisioning a much easier birth and the opportunity to see how labor and giving birth can be different without so many pokes and interventions. Luckily, my dreams came true with baby No. 2! After laboring all day at home, I decided to go to the hospital around midnight. After laboring for a few more hours with the help of my husband, midwife and sister-in-law, my water broke at 3 a.m. At 3:30 a.m. I felt like I needed to get into position. Before my husband and midwife were fully prepared, my busy baby girl pushed herself into this world without any effort on my part. My recovery was so much easier and our little girl was alert and quick to nurse.

At my 20-week ultrasound for baby No. 3, I found out I was having a boy. I had heard my mother talk about how her big boys and their collarbones were difficult to deliver. From then on, I started to imagine a huge baby boy making delivery difficult. I am naturally an over-optimistic person, so I tried to suppress negative thoughts. All this played a part in my delivery. Once again, I labored all day but this time I did not stay home. I was at my midwife’s office for monitoring since I was 4 days late. (All of my babies have been late, so no surprise here.) Since I was not at home, I was not as comfortable as I could have been. I was tired and really needed a good nap. At one point, I did fall asleep in a recliner and was awakened by a sudden gush of water. My water had broken naturally with the other two deliveries, but never this much! It gushed and gushed and gushed!

Since my last baby came 30 minutes after my water broke, my husband, midwife and I rushed to the hospital thinking the baby would come flying out any minute. Upon arrival at the hospital, I was dilated to 5 cm. I continued to labor on my own for a few hours. At that point I had not progressed, and, in fact, my contractions had started to slow down. We discussed Pitocin, which scared me because I knew that would make contractions stronger and more painful . I asked if we could try anything else. My midwife said nitrous oxide was available at the hospital, and I should give it a try. I agreed to try it, but I was not really excited about it. The anesthesiologist came to explain how nitrous is administered. It was easy to understand, and I was willing to try the mask on and take a few deep breathes. I took my first deep breath and instantly relaxed so much that I fell into a very deep sleep for a few moments.

My body was exhausted but I had not allowed it to rest up to that point. I rested, and immediately, labor picked back up. I began talking about all of my fears and deep-rooted worries about how big my little man was going to be. This talk was new to my husband and midwife who had no idea that I was nervous or even afraid about my baby’s size. I had not expressed any of this until after using nitrous and feeling completely free to be myself . I stopped fighting labor, and instead embraced the contractions and allowed them to push labor along. Within 20 minutes, I had dilated from 5 cm to 10 cm and was ready to push. With each push I could feel the pain and his little body descending, but because of the nitrous oxide, I was able to separate myself from the pain. After 5 minutes of pushing, we met our first boy and biggest baby. He was 8 pounds 6 ounces. My fear of having a bigger baby was legitimate.

Seven months ago, I gave birth to another baby girl. Her birth was fast and furious! I tried to labor at home like I always do, but these contractions went from easy early labor to hard late stages of labor very quickly. I was very nervous and afraid that I would have the baby in the car. We arrived at the hospital, and I was in so much pain. This pain was unbearable. I wanted relief, and I wanted it fast. I was already dilated to 8 cm and fully effaced. I expressed my desire to have help managing the pain and the nurse was quick to let me know that nitrous would be the easiest to administer and quickest to provide relief. She was so right! I started the nitrous and instantly received the help I needed to distance myself from the unbearable pain that normally accompanies quick labors. Just like my first child, baby No. 4 was “sunny-side up”, but I was determined to push my hardest and get her out. She was born 50 minutes after arriving at the hospital. She was by far my fastest and most painful delivery.

From my experiences with nitrous oxide, I would strongly recommend it to help provide relief and pain management. I am not the best at keeping my mind focused and distracted from the pain. Nitrous oxide gave me exactly what I needed to distance myself from the hard pains of labor while still allowing me to navigate through contractions and pushing without feeling like I was driving blindly.

Not all hospitals in the United States are offering nitrous as a form of pain management in labor, but hopefully, more will begin to see its advantages.

The use of nitrous oxide as a labor analgesic has taken hold in the US in the past three years. It has been used widely in Europe for decades, with favorable results, along with comes educational information but all the perpetuation of myths.

10. Using nitrous oxide in labor is “just like” when you use it at the dental office. It’s not. In dental offices, the concentration of nitrous oxide to oxygen is variable, so the dentist can increase or decrease the concentration based on the patient’s needs. Dentists may use concentrations of nitrous oxide of up to 70%. The dentist also places a small mask over the patient’s nose, through which a continuous stream of nitrous oxide is delivered.

During labor nitrous oxide is only used at concentrations of 50% nitrous oxide to oxygen – no higher. And the stream of nitrous oxide is intermittently administered by the woman herself using either a mouthpiece or mask with a demand valve. The demand valve opens only when the woman inhales (breathes in) – which is when the gas is released. When the woman exhales (breathes out), the valve closes and the gas stream is stopped.

9. You will be confined to bed while using nitrous oxide. You will still be able to move around while using nitrous oxide during labor. About 10% of nitrous users may experience some dizziness, so your care providers will want to see you stand or move about without difficulty before they let you up on your own, but many women use nitrous oxide while standing, squatting, sitting in a rocking chair, or on a birth ball.

8. Continuous fetal monitoring will be required with nitrous oxide use. Whether you have continuous or intermittent fetal monitoring should be dictated by your obstetrical status, not because you are using nitrous oxide. In other words, if you are a candidate for intermittent monitoring, that does not have to change to continuous monitoring just because you begin using nitrous oxide.

7. If you choose to use nitrous oxide, you cannot use any other pain medications. A fair number of women who start out using nitrous go on to have an epidural placed at some later point in their labor. Using nitrous oxide earlier on allows you to maintain your mobility and stay upright, allowing the baby to move down well in your pelvis before being confined to bed with epidural anesthesia.

6. Nitrous oxide will stall your labor, or slow contractions. There has not been any research showing that nitrous slows down labor or causes contractions to be less strong or happen less often.

5. Nitrous oxide will harm the baby. Nitrous oxide is metabolized (processed) in your lung tissue, but because some of the gas passes into your blood stream, some can also pass through the placenta and go to your baby. However, studies have not shown adverse effects on babies of mothers who have used nitrous oxide in labor.

4. There is a point in labor when it is too late to use nitrous oxide. Actually, some women don’t begin using nitrous oxide until they are in the pushing stage. Other women don’t use it at all during labor, but find it very helpful if they need repair of any tears in their birth canal.

3. My family members can assist me with holding the nitrous oxide mask or mouthpiece if I get tired of holding it. As well-meaning as family members are, this is one area where they can’t help. A safety precaution for nitrous oxide use is that the laboring woman holds her own mask or mouthpiece. When she has had sufficient nitrous oxide, she won’t be able to bring her hand holding the device to her face. Allowing someone else to hold the mask/mouthpiece overrides this safety feature of nitrous oxide.

2. Nitrous oxide is offered at many hospitals and birth centers. Until 2011, there was really only one hospital in the US offering this option. Since that time, use of nitrous oxide has dramatically increased and there are currently over 100 hospitals and 50 birth centers offering nitrous oxide. Though it has come a long way, there is a long way to go to ensure that every woman who desires to use nitrous oxide in childbirth, has the opportunity.

1. Nitrous oxide makes you laugh (hence the nickname “laughing gas”). Despite the nickname, inhaling nitrous oxide doesn’t leave women laughing like hyenas! Because nitrous oxide decreases anxiety, it puts women more at ease and they may be more talkative and relaxed… but don’t count on side splitting laughter!

Michelle Collins is currently Professor of Nursing and Director of the Nurse-Midwifery education program at Vanderbilt University School of Nursing. In addition to the teaching and administrative aspects of her job, she maintains an active clinical practice as part of the Vanderbilt School of Nursing faculty nurse-midwifery practice.  Currently she is a blogger for Nashville Public Television for the popular series Call the Midwife.

Resource on Nitrous Oxide For Nurses

AWHONN has a Nurses Leading Implementation of Nitrous Oxide Use in Obstetrics webinar to describe the history of nitrous oxide use to present day and the necessary steps nurses need to take to initiate nitrous services at their institutions.

Nitrous Oxide as Labor Analgesia, Nursing for Women’s Health, Volume 16, Issue 5, pages 398–409, October / November 2012.